La Favorite (1830-32)¶
Favorite sailed around the world under the command of Cyrille Pierre Théodore Laplace.
Their observations were published in Voyage autour du monde par les mers de’lInde et de Chine exécuté sur la corvette de’létat la Favorite ….
Transcribed observations¶
Conversion script¶
#!/usr/bin/perl
# Process digitised logbook data from the Favorite into
# IMMA records.
# Process in three passes - make the records and populate them; but leave
# time as local and give each ob the position of the ship at noon on that day.
# Interpolate the positions and correct the times to UTC in subsequent passes
use strict;
use warnings;
use IMMA;
use FindBin;
use Date::Calc qw(Add_Delta_Days Delta_Days Delta_DHMS check_date);
use IO::File;
use MarineOb::lmrlib qw(fxtrtc ixdtnd rxltut rxnddt fxfimb fwbptc fwbpgv);
# Temporary file for holding the records between passes
#my $fh = IO::File->new_tmpfile or die "Unable to create tempfile: $!";
my $fh;
open( $fh, "+>tmp.imma" );
# Load the obs and convert to IMMA
my $Ship_name = 'Favorite';
my $Last_lat;
my $Last_lon;
my $Lon_f = 'W';
my $Lat_f = 'N';
my $InPort = 0;
for ( my $i = 0 ; $i < 4 ; $i++ ) { <>; } # Skip headers
while ( my $Line = <> ) {
unless ( $Line =~ /\d/ ) { next; }
my $Ob = new IMMA;
$Ob->clear(); # Why is this necessary?
push @{ $Ob->{attachments} }, 0;
my @Fields = split /\t/, $Line;
$Ob->{YR} = $Fields[0];
$Ob->{MO} = $Fields[1];
$Ob->{DY} = $Fields[2];
if ( defined( $Fields[3] )
&& $Fields[3] =~ /[a-zA-Z]/
&& $Fields[4] !~ /^\s*\d/ )
{ # Text position
( $Ob->{LAT}, $Ob->{LON} ) =
position_from_port( $Fields[3] . $Fields[4] );
$Ob->{LI} = 6; # Position from metadata
$InPort = 1;
}
elsif ( $Fields[3] =~ /\S+/ ) {
if ( $Fields[3] =~ /\d/ ) {
if ( $Fields[3] =~ /(\d+)\D+(\d+)\D+(\d*)/ ) {
$Ob->{LAT} = $1 + $2 / 60 + $3 / 3600;
if ( $Fields[3] =~ /.*[sS]/ ) { $Lat_f = 'S'; }
if ( $Fields[3] =~ /.*[nN]/ ) { $Lat_f = 'N'; }
if ( $Lat_f eq 'S' ) { $Ob->{LAT} *= -1; }
}
else {
die "Bad latitude $Fields[3]";
}
}
if ( $Fields[4] =~ /\d/ ) {
if ( $Fields[4] =~ /(\d+)\D+(\d+)\D+(\d+)/ ) {
$Ob->{LON} = $1 + $2 / 60 + $3 / 3600;
if ( $Fields[4] =~ /.*[eE]/ ) { $Lon_f = 'E'; }
if ( $Fields[4] =~ /.*[wW]/ ) { $Lon_f = 'W'; }
if ( $Lon_f eq 'W' ) { $Ob->{LON} *= -1; }
$Ob->{LON} += 2.33; # Paris meridian
if($Ob->{LON}>180) { $Ob->{LON} -= 360; }
}
else {
die "Bad longitude $Fields[4]";
}
}
if ( defined( $Ob->{LAT} ) || defined( $Ob->{LON} ) ) {
$Ob->{LI} = 4; # Deg+Min position precision
$InPort = 0;
}
}
elsif ( $InPort == 1 ) { # Still in port, use last location
$Ob->{LAT} = $Last_lat;
$Ob->{LON} = $Last_lon;
$Ob->{LI} = 6; # Position from metadata
}
if ( defined( $Ob->{LAT} ) ) { $Last_lat = $Ob->{LAT}; }
if ( defined( $Ob->{LON} ) ) { $Last_lon = $Ob->{LON}; }
# 6 a.m. ob
$Ob->{HR} = 6;
# Temperatures in Reamur
if ( defined( $Fields[5] ) && $Fields[5] =~ /\d/ ) {
$Ob->{AT} = fxtrtc($Fields[5]);
}
# Pressure converted from Paris lines
if ( defined( $Fields[11] ) && $Fields[11] =~ /(\d+)\D(\d+)\D(\d+)/ ) {
$Ob->{SLP} = fxfimb( $1 + $2 / 12 + $3 / 120 );
}
# Temperature correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} )
&& defined( $Ob->{AT} ) )
{
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbptc( $Ob->{SLP}, $Ob->{AT} );
}
else { $Ob->{SLP} = undef; }
# Gravity correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} ) && defined($Last_lat) ) {
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbpgv( $Ob->{SLP}, $Last_lat, 2 );
}
# Fill in extra metadata
$Ob->{IM} = 0;
$Ob->{ATTC} = 1; # supd
$Ob->{TI} = 0; # Nearest hour time precision
$Ob->{DS} = undef; # Unknown course
$Ob->{VS} = undef; # Unknown speed
$Ob->{NID} = undef; #
$Ob->{II} = 10; #
$Ob->{ID} = $Ship_name;
$Ob->{C1} = '04'; # French
if ( defined( $Ob->{AT} )
|| defined( $Ob->{WBT} )
|| defined( $Ob->{DPT} )
|| defined( $Ob->{SST} ) )
{
$Ob->{IT} = 4; # Temps in degF and 10ths
}
# Add the original record as a supplemental attachment
push @{ $Ob->{attachments} }, 99;
$Ob->{ATTE} = undef;
chomp($Line);
chop($Line);
$Ob->{SUPD} = $Line;
$Ob->write($fh);
# Don't want the attachment in the day's subsequent records
@{ $Ob->{attachments} } = (0);
$Ob->{SUPD} = undef;
# 9 AM ob
foreach (qw(HR AT SST SLP)) { $Ob->{$_} = undef; }
$Ob->{HR} = 9;
# Temperatures in Reamur
if ( defined( $Fields[6] ) && $Fields[6] =~ /\d/ ) {
$Ob->{AT} = fxtrtc($Fields[6]);
}
# Pressure converted from Paris lines
if ( defined( $Fields[12] ) && $Fields[12] =~ /(\d+)\D(\d+)\D(\d+)/ ) {
$Ob->{SLP} = fxfimb( $1 + $2 / 12 + $3 / 120 );
}
# Temperature correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} )
&& defined( $Ob->{AT} ) )
{
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbptc( $Ob->{SLP}, $Ob->{AT} );
}
else { $Ob->{SLP} = undef; }
# Gravity correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} ) && defined($Last_lat) ) {
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbpgv( $Ob->{SLP}, $Last_lat, 2 );
}
$Ob->write($fh);
# Noon ob
foreach (qw(HR AT SST SLP)) { $Ob->{$_} = undef; }
$Ob->{HR} = 12;
# Temperatures in Reamur
if ( defined( $Fields[7] ) && $Fields[7] =~ /\d/ ) {
$Ob->{AT} = fxtrtc($Fields[7]);
}
# Pressure converted from Paris lines
if ( defined( $Fields[13] ) && $Fields[13] =~ /(\d+)\D(\d+)\D(\d+)/ ) {
$Ob->{SLP} = fxfimb( $1 + $2 / 12 + $3 / 120 );
}
# Temperature correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} )
&& defined( $Ob->{AT} ) )
{
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbptc( $Ob->{SLP}, $Ob->{AT} );
}
else { $Ob->{SLP} = undef; }
# Gravity correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} ) && defined($Last_lat) ) {
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbpgv( $Ob->{SLP}, $Last_lat, 2 );
}
$Ob->write($fh);
# 3 pm ob
foreach (qw(HR AT SST SLP)) { $Ob->{$_} = undef; }
$Ob->{HR} = 15;
# Temperatures in Reamur
if ( defined( $Fields[8] ) && $Fields[8] =~ /\d/ ) {
$Ob->{AT} = fxtrtc($Fields[8]);
}
# Pressure converted from Paris lines
if ( defined( $Fields[14] ) && $Fields[14] =~ /(\d+)\D(\d+)\D(\d+)/ ) {
$Ob->{SLP} = fxfimb( $1 + $2 / 12 + $3 / 120 );
}
# Temperature correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} )
&& defined( $Ob->{AT} ) )
{
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbptc( $Ob->{SLP}, $Ob->{AT} );
}
else { $Ob->{SLP} = undef; }
# Gravity correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} ) && defined($Last_lat) ) {
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbpgv( $Ob->{SLP}, $Last_lat, 2 );
}
$Ob->write($fh);
# 6 pm ob
foreach (qw(HR AT SST SLP)) { $Ob->{$_} = undef; }
$Ob->{HR} = 15;
# Temperatures in Reamur
if ( defined( $Fields[9] ) && $Fields[9] =~ /\d/ ) {
$Ob->{AT} = fxtrtc($Fields[9]);
}
# Pressure converted from Paris lines
if ( defined( $Fields[15] ) && $Fields[15] =~ /(\d+)\D(\d+)\D(\d+)/ ) {
$Ob->{SLP} = fxfimb( $1 + $2 / 12 + $3 / 120 );
}
# Temperature correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} )
&& defined( $Ob->{AT} ) )
{
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbptc( $Ob->{SLP}, $Ob->{AT} );
}
else { $Ob->{SLP} = undef; }
# Gravity correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} ) && defined($Last_lat) ) {
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbpgv( $Ob->{SLP}, $Last_lat, 2 );
}
$Ob->write($fh);
# midnight ob
foreach (qw(HR AT SST SLP)) { $Ob->{$_} = undef; }
$Ob->{HR} = 23.99;
# Temperatures in Reamur
if ( defined( $Fields[10] ) && $Fields[10] =~ /\d/ ) {
$Ob->{AT} = fxtrtc($Fields[10]);
}
# Pressure converted from Paris lines
if ( defined( $Fields[16] ) && $Fields[16] =~ /(\d+)\D(\d+)\D(\d+)/ ) {
$Ob->{SLP} = fxfimb( $1 + $2 / 12 + $3 / 120 );
}
# Temperature correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} )
&& defined( $Ob->{AT} ) )
{
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbptc( $Ob->{SLP}, $Ob->{AT} );
}
else { $Ob->{SLP} = undef; }
# Gravity correction
if ( defined( $Ob->{SLP} ) && defined($Last_lat) ) {
$Ob->{SLP} += fwbpgv( $Ob->{SLP}, $Last_lat, 2 );
}
$Ob->write($fh);
}
# Done the first pass - now find the positions for each hour
my ( %Lat, %Lon );
seek( $fh, 0, 0 ); # Rewind temporary file
while ( my $Ob = imma_read($fh) ) {
unless ( defined( $Ob->{YR} )
&& defined( $Ob->{MO} )
&& defined( $Ob->{DY} )
&& defined( $Ob->{LAT} )
&& defined( $Ob->{LON} ) )
{
next;
}
$Lat{ sprintf "%04d/%02d/%02d", $Ob->{YR}, $Ob->{MO}, $Ob->{DY} }[12] =
$Ob->{LAT};
$Lon{ sprintf "%04d/%02d/%02d", $Ob->{YR}, $Ob->{MO}, $Ob->{DY} }[12] =
$Ob->{LON};
}
# Interpolate to every hour
foreach my $Day ( sort( keys(%Lat) ) ) {
$Day =~ /(\d\d\d\d).(\d\d).(\d\d)/ or die "Bad day $Day";
my ( $Yr, $Mo, $Dy ) = ( $1, $2, $3 );
unless ( check_date( $Yr, $Mo, $Dy ) ) {
warn "Bad Date: $Yr, $Mo, $Dy";
next;
}
my $Before = sprintf "%04d/%02d/%02d", Add_Delta_Days( $Yr, $Mo, $Dy, -1 );
my $After = sprintf "%04d/%02d/%02d", Add_Delta_Days( $Yr, $Mo, $Dy, +1 );
if ( defined( $Lat{$Before}[12] ) ) {
for ( my $Hour = 0 ; $Hour < 12 ; $Hour++ ) {
my $Weight = ( $Hour + 12 ) / 24;
$Lat{$Day}[$Hour] =
$Lat{$Day}[12] * $Weight + $Lat{$Before}[12] * ( 1 - $Weight );
my $Lob = $Lon{$Before}[12];
if ( $Lon{$Day}[12] - $Lon{$Before}[12] > 320 ) { $Lob += 360; }
if ( $Lon{$Day}[12] - $Lon{$Before}[12] < -320 ) { $Lob -= 360; }
$Lon{$Day}[$Hour] =
$Lon{$Day}[12] * $Weight + $Lob * ( 1 - $Weight );
if ( $Lon{$Day}[$Hour] < -180 ) { $Lon{$Day}[$Hour] += 360; }
if ( $Lon{$Day}[$Hour] > 180 ) { $Lon{$Day}[$Hour] -= 360; }
}
}
if ( defined( $Lat{$After}[12] ) ) {
for ( my $Hour = 13 ; $Hour < 24 ; $Hour++ ) {
my $Weight = ( 36 - $Hour ) / 24;
$Lat{$Day}[$Hour] =
$Lat{$Day}[12] * $Weight + $Lat{$After}[12] * ( 1 - $Weight );
my $Lob = $Lon{$After}[12];
if ( $Lon{$Day}[12] - $Lon{$After}[12] > 320 ) { $Lob += 360; }
if ( $Lon{$Day}[12] - $Lon{$After}[12] < -320 ) { $Lob -= 360; }
$Lon{$Day}[$Hour] =
$Lon{$Day}[12] * $Weight + $Lob * ( 1 - $Weight );
if ( $Lon{$Day}[$Hour] < -180 ) { $Lon{$Day}[$Hour] += 360; }
if ( $Lon{$Day}[$Hour] > 180 ) { $Lon{$Day}[$Hour] -= 360; }
}
}
}
# Get rid of the temporary file
unlink 'tmp.imma';
# Convert the ob positions to those interpolated at the observation hours,
# And correct the dates to UTC
seek( $fh, 0, 0 ); # Rewind temporary file
while ( my $Ob = imma_read($fh) ) {
if ( defined( $Ob->{YR} )
&& defined( $Ob->{MO} )
&& defined( $Ob->{DY} )
&& defined( $Ob->{HR} ) )
{
my $Day = sprintf "%04d/%02d/%02d", $Ob->{YR}, $Ob->{MO}, $Ob->{DY};
if ( defined( $Lat{$Day}[ $Ob->{HR} ] ) ) {
$Ob->{LAT} = $Lat{$Day}[ $Ob->{HR} ];
$Ob->{LON} = $Lon{$Day}[ $Ob->{HR} ];
}
else {
$Ob->{LAT} = undef;
$Ob->{LON} = undef;
}
if ( defined( $Ob->{LON} ) ) {
my $elon = $Ob->{LON};
if ( $elon < 0 ) {
$elon += 360;
if ( $elon > 359.99 ) { $elon = 359.99; }
}
my ( $uhr, $udy ) = rxltut(
$Ob->{HR} * 100,
ixdtnd( $Ob->{DY}, $Ob->{MO}, $Ob->{YR} ),
$elon * 100
);
$Ob->{HR} = $uhr / 100;
( $Ob->{DY}, $Ob->{MO}, $Ob->{YR} ) = rxnddt($udy);
}
else { $Ob->{HR} = undef; }
$Ob->write( \*STDOUT );
}
}
sub position_from_port {
my $Name = lc(shift);
if ( $Name =~ /goree/ ) {
return ( 14.66, -17.4 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /bourbon/ ) { # Mauritius? (not Reunion)
return ( -20.4, 57.8 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /mazulipatnam/ ) { # Coromandel, India?
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /coringui/ ) {
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /manille/ ) { # Manilla
return ( 14.5, 120.8 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /macao/ ) { # Macau
return ( 22.2, 113.55 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /tourane/ ) { # Da Nang, Vietnam
return ( 16.07, 108.22 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /tunquin|china sea/ ) { # Tonkin?
return ( 20.75, 106.83 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /belle/ ) { # ?
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /terempa/ ) { # Pulau terempa, Indonesia?
return ( 3.17, 106.25 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /java/ ) { # at 110 E - assume north coast
return ( -6.88, 110.13 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /hobart/ ) {
return ( -42.91, 147.33 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /port jackson/ ) {
return ( -33.9, 151.2 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /korora-reka/ ) { # Russel, NZ
return ( -35.27, 174.12 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /valparaiso/ ) {
return ( -33.05, -71.62 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /rio de janeiro/ ) {
return ( -22.9, -43.13 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /toulon/ ) {
return ( 43.13, 5.92 );
}
die "Unknown port $Name";
}