USS Vincennes (1838-42)¶
USS Vincennes was the flagship of the United States Exploring Expedition, commanded by Charles Wilkes.
Their observations were published in the expedition reports.
Transcribed observations¶
Conversion script¶
#!/usr/bin/perl
# Process digitised logbook data from the Vincennes into
# IMMA records.
use strict;
use warnings;
use IMMA;
use Getopt::Long;
use FindBin;
use ObservationsCorrections;
use Date::Calc qw(Delta_Days);
my $Ship_name = 'Vincennes';
my ( $Year, $Month, $Day );
my ( $Last_lon, $Last_lat, $Last_T );
my $Lat_flag = 'N';
my $Lon_flag = 'W';
$Last_lat = 35.0;
for ( my $i = 0 ; $i < 8 ; $i++ ) { <>; } # Skip headers
while (<>) {
my $Ob = new IMMA;
$Ob->clear(); # Why is this necessary?
push @{ $Ob->{attachments} }, 0;
my @Fields = split /\t/, $_;
unless ( defined( $Fields[3] ) && $Fields[3] =~ /\d/ ) {
next;
} # Skip daily mean lines
if ( defined( $Fields[0] ) && $Fields[0] =~ /\d/ ) {
$Year = $Fields[0];
}
if ( defined( $Fields[1] ) && $Fields[1] =~ /\d/ ) {
$Month = $Fields[1];
}
if ( defined( $Fields[2] ) && $Fields[2] =~ /\d/ ) {
$Day = $Fields[2];
}
$Ob->{YR} = $Year;
$Ob->{MO} = $Month;
$Ob->{DY} = $Day;
$Ob->{HR} = int( $Fields[3] / 100 ) + ( $Fields[3] % 100 ) / 60;
# Parse lines differently at different points in the file
my ( $Lat, $Long, $Bar, $Attached, $AT, $SST, $WindS, $WindD, $Remarks );
if ( Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1838, 12, 7 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 1, 3 ) >= 0 )
{ # Enaxadous Island
$Lat = 'Enxados';
$Long = 'Island';
$Bar = $Fields[4];
$Attached = $Fields[5];
$AT = $Fields[8];
$SST = $Fields[10];
$WindD = $Fields[15];
$WindS = $Fields[16];
$Remarks = $Fields[19];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 3, 13 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 4, 11 ) >= 0 )
{ # Orange Harbour
$Lat = 'Orange';
$Long = 'Harbour';
$Bar = $Fields[4];
$Attached = $Fields[5];
$AT = $Fields[8];
$SST = $Fields[10];
$WindD = $Fields[15];
$WindS = $Fields[16];
$Remarks = $Fields[19];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 5, 19 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 5, 31 ) >= 0 )
{ # Valparaiso
$Lat = 'Valparaiso';
$Long = undef;
$Bar = $Fields[4];
$Attached = $Fields[5];
$AT = $Fields[8];
$SST = $Fields[10];
$WindD = $Fields[15];
$WindS = $Fields[16];
$Remarks = $Fields[19];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 6, 21 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 7, 2 ) >= 0 )
{ # San Lorenzo
$Lat = 'San Lorenzo';
$Long = undef;
$Bar = $Fields[4];
$Attached = $Fields[5];
$AT = $Fields[8];
$SST = $Fields[10];
$WindD = $Fields[15];
$WindS = $Fields[16];
$Remarks = $Fields[19];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 7, 31 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 8, 29 ) >= 0 )
{ # At sea, odd measurements
$Lat = $Fields[4];
$Long = $Fields[5];
$Bar = $Fields[11];
$Attached = $Fields[6];
$AT = $Fields[6];
$SST = $Fields[7];
$WindD = $Fields[13];
$WindS = $Fields[14];
$Remarks = $Fields[17];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 9, 1 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 9, 8 ) >= 0 )
{ # At sea, odd measurements
$Lat = $Fields[4];
$Long = $Fields[5];
$Bar = $Fields[11];
$Attached = $Fields[6];
$AT = $Fields[6];
$SST = $Fields[7];
$WindD = $Fields[13];
$WindS = $Fields[14];
$Remarks = $Fields[17];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 9, 12 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 9, 18 ) >= 0 )
{ # Tahiti
$Lat = $Fields[4];
$Long = $Fields[5];
$Bar = $Fields[6];
$Attached = $Fields[7];
$AT = $Fields[8];
$SST = $Fields[14];
$WindD = $Fields[17];
$WindS = $Fields[18];
$Remarks = $Fields[21];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 9, 29 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 10, 8 ) >= 0 )
{ # At sea, odd measurements
$Lat = $Fields[4];
$Long = $Fields[5];
$Bar = $Fields[11];
$Attached = $Fields[6];
$AT = $Fields[6];
$SST = $Fields[7];
$WindD = $Fields[13];
$WindS = $Fields[14];
$Remarks = $Fields[17];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 10, 13 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 10, 23 ) >= 0 )
{ # Tutuila
$Lat = $Fields[4];
$Long = $Fields[5];
$Bar = $Fields[6];
$Attached = $Fields[7];
$AT = $Fields[11];
$SST = $Fields[13];
$WindD = $Fields[16];
$WindS = $Fields[17];
$Remarks = $Fields[20];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 11, 3 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 11, 8 ) >= 0 )
{ # Apia
$Lat = $Fields[4];
$Long = $Fields[5];
$Bar = $Fields[6];
$Attached = $Fields[7];
$AT = $Fields[11];
$SST = $Fields[12];
$WindD = $Fields[15];
$WindS = $Fields[16];
$Remarks = $Fields[19];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 12, 5 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1839, 12, 23 ) >= 0 )
{ # Sydney
$Lat = 'Sydney';
$Long = "";
$Bar = $Fields[4];
$Attached = $Fields[5];
$AT = $Fields[9];
$SST = $Fields[10];
$WindD = $Fields[13];
$WindS = $Fields[14];
$Remarks = $Fields[17];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1840, 5, 18 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1840, 6, 25 ) >= 0 )
{ # Ovoalu
$Lat = $Fields[4];
$Long = $Fields[5];
$Bar = $Fields[6];
$Attached = $Fields[7];
$AT = $Fields[10];
$SST = $Fields[12];
$WindD = $Fields[15];
$WindS = $Fields[16];
$Remarks = $Fields[19];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1840, 10, 12 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1840, 11, 30 ) >= 0 )
{ # Honolulu
$Lat = 'Honolulu';
$Long = '';
$Bar = $Fields[4];
$Attached = $Fields[5];
$AT = $Fields[9];
$SST = $Fields[11];
$WindD = $Fields[14];
$WindS = $Fields[15];
$Remarks = $Fields[18];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1841, 1, 31 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1841, 2, 28 ) >= 0 )
{ # Hilo Bay
$Lat = 'Hilo';
$Long = 'Bay';
$Bar = $Fields[4];
$Attached = $Fields[5];
$AT = $Fields[8];
$SST = $Fields[9];
$WindD = $Fields[12];
$WindS = $Fields[13];
$Remarks = $Fields[16];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1841, 5, 21 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1841, 7, 15 ) >= 0 )
{ # Fort Nisqually
$Lat = 'Fort';
$Long = 'Nisqually';
$Bar = $Fields[4];
$Attached = $Fields[5];
$AT = $Fields[9];
$SST = $Fields[10];
$WindD = $Fields[13];
$WindS = $Fields[14];
$Remarks = $Fields[17];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1841, 8, 23 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1841, 10, 22 ) >= 0 )
{ # Sausalito
$Lat = 'Sausalito';
$Long = '';
$Bar = $Fields[4];
$Attached = $Fields[5];
$AT = $Fields[9];
$SST = $Fields[10];
$WindD = $Fields[13];
$WindS = $Fields[14];
$Remarks = $Fields[17];
}
elsif (Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1841, 7, 20 ) <= 0
&& Delta_Days( $Year, $Month, $Day, 1841, 7, 21 ) >= 0 )
{ # Odd period in Puget sound
$Lat = $Fields[4];
$Long = $Fields[5];
$Bar = $Fields[8];
$Attached = $Fields[6];
$AT = $Fields[6];
$SST = undef;
$WindD = $Fields[11];
$WindS = $Fields[12];
$Remarks = $Fields[15];
}
else { # Standard at sea
$Lat = $Fields[4];
$Long = $Fields[5];
$Bar = $Fields[9];
$Attached = $Fields[6];
$AT = $Fields[6];
$SST = $Fields[7];
$WindD = $Fields[11];
$WindS = $Fields[12];
$Remarks = $Fields[15];
}
# Set the position
if ( defined($Lat) && $Lat =~ /[a-z]/ ) { # Port name
unless ( defined($Long) ) { $Long = ""; }
( $Ob->{LAT}, $Ob->{LON} ) = position_from_port( $Lat . " " . $Long );
$Ob->{LI} = 6; # Position from metadata
}
else {
if ( defined($Lat)
&& $Lat =~ /(\d+)[\s\.]+(\d+)\s*([NS]*)/ )
{
$Ob->{LAT} = $1 + $2 / 60;
if ( defined($3) && ( $3 eq 'N' || $3 eq 'S' ) ) { $Lat_flag = $3; }
if ( $Lat_flag eq 'S' ) { $Ob->{LAT} *= -1; }
}
if ( defined($Long)
&& $Long =~ /(\d+)[\s\.]+(\d+)\s*([EW]*)/ )
{
$Ob->{LON} = $1 + $2 / 60;
if ( defined($3) && ( $3 eq 'E' || $3 eq 'W' ) ) { $Lon_flag = $3; }
if ( $Lon_flag eq 'W' ) { $Ob->{LON} *= -1; }
}
if ( defined( $Ob->{LAT} ) || defined( $Ob->{LON} ) ) {
$Ob->{LI} = 4; # Deg+Min position precision
}
if ( defined($Long) && lc($Long) =~ /east/ ) { $Lon_flag = 'E'; }
if ( defined($Long) && lc($Long) =~ /west/ ) { $Lon_flag = 'W'; }
}
if ( defined( $Ob->{LON} ) ) { $Last_lon = $Ob->{LON}; }
if ( defined( $Ob->{LAT} ) ) { $Last_lat = $Ob->{LAT}; }
# Set time to UTC
correct_hour_for_lon($Ob);
# Temperatures converted from Farenheit
if ( defined($AT) && $AT =~ /\d/ ) {
$Ob->{AT} = ( $AT - 32 ) * 5 / 9;
$Last_T = $Ob->{AT};
}
if ( defined($SST) && $SST =~ /\d/ ) {
$Ob->{SST} = ( $SST - 32 ) * 5 / 9;
}
# Pressure converted from inches
if ( defined($Bar) && $Bar =~ /\d/ ) {
$Ob->{SLP} = $Bar * 33.86;
if ( !defined($Attached) || $Attached !~ /\d/ ) {
$Attached = $Last_T;
}
else {
$Attached = ( $Attached - 32 ) * 5 / 9;
}
$Ob->{SLP} =
barometer_temperature_correction( $Ob->{SLP}, $Attached );
$Ob->{SLP} = barometer_gravity_correction( $Ob->{SLP}, $Last_lat );
}
# Fill in extra metadata
$Ob->{IM} = 0; # Check with Scott
$Ob->{ATTC} = 0; # No attachments - may have supplemental, see below
$Ob->{TI} = 0; # Nearest hour time precision
$Ob->{DS} = undef; # Unknown course
$Ob->{VS} = undef; # Unknown speed
$Ob->{NID} = 3; # Check with Scott
$Ob->{II} = 10; # Check with Scott
$Ob->{ID} = $Ship_name;
$Ob->{C1} = '02'; # US recruited
if ( defined( $Ob->{AT} )
|| defined( $Ob->{WBT} )
|| defined( $Ob->{DPT} )
|| defined( $Ob->{SST} ) )
{
$Ob->{IT} = 4; # Temps in degF and 10ths
}
# Add the remarks as a supplemental attachment
if ( defined($Remarks) && $Remarks =~ /\S/ ) {
chomp($Remarks);
push @{ $Ob->{attachments} }, 99;
$Ob->{ATTC}++;
$Ob->{ATTE} = undef;
$Ob->{SUPD} = $Remarks;
}
$Ob->write( \*STDOUT );
}
# Get a position from a port name
sub position_from_port {
my $Name = lc(shift);
$Name =~ s/\s\s/ /g;
if ( $Name =~ /funchal/ ) {
return ( 32.6, -16.9 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /porto praya/ ) {
return ( 14.9, -23.5 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /porto praya/ ) {
return ( 14.9, -23.5 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /rio harbour|rio de janeiro/ ) {
return ( -22.9, -43.13 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /enxados/ ) { # Use Rio
return ( -22.9, -43.13 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /raza island/ ) {
return ( -23.06, -43.13 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /rio negro/ ) { # Ambigious
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /orange harbour/ ) { # Somewhere in Tierra del Fuiego
return ( -55.5, -68.5 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /scapenham bay/ ) { # Somewhere in Tierra del Fuiego
return ( -55.5, -68.5 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /valparaiso/ ) {
return ( -33.0, -71.6 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /san lorenzo/ ) {
return ( -12.08, -77.25 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /callao/ ) {
return ( -12.07, -77.23 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /matavai bay|papawa cove/ ) {
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /papiete|tahiti|papieti/ ) {
return ( -17.52, -149.56 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /pago pago|tutuila/ ) {
return ( -14.28, -170.7 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /sydney|jackson|farm cove|watson/ ) {
return ( -33.9, 151.2 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /bay of islands|new zealand/ ) {
return ( -36.28, 174.16 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /edoa/ )
{ # Ship? no land anywhere near apparent position (south of Midway)
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /tonga taboo/ ) {
return ( -21.17, -175.17 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /ovolau/ ) {
return ( -17.7, 178.8 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /direction island/ )
{ # Not Keeling-Cocos or Bearing island - near Fiji
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /mbua bay/ ) {
return ( -16.82, 178.58 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /naloa|tavea/ ) { # Fiji
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /mali island/ ) {
return ( -16.34, 179.35 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /apia harbour/ ) {
return ( -13.83, -171.83 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /savu savu/ ) {
return ( -16.75, 179.35 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /muthuata/ ) {
return ( -16.5, 179.25 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /honolulu|sandwich/ ) {
return ( 21.3, -157.9 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /hilo/ ) {
return ( 19.72, -155.08 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /lahaina/ ) {
return ( 20.89, -156.67 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /kahoolawe/ ) {
return ( 20.55, -156.6 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /de fuca/ ) {
return ( 48.3, -124.05 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /port discovery/ ) {
return ( 48.42, -123.23 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /port townsend/ ) {
return ( 48.12, -122.78 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /admiralty inlet/ ) {
return ( 48.18, -122.73 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /port lawrence/ ) {
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /pilot.s cove/ ) {
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /appletree cove/ ) {
return ( 47.79, -122.5 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /port madison/ ) {
return ( 47.73, -122.53 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /nisqually/ ) {
return ( 47.11, -122.64 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /puget sound/ ) {
return ( 47.6, -122.45 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /new dungeness/ ) {
return ( 48.18, -123.11 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /scarborough harbour/ ) { # Not Yorkshire, Ontario or Maine
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /off columbia/ ) {
return ( 46.28, -124.05 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /san francisco/ ) {
return ( 37.75, -122.6 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /yerba buena/ ) {
return ( 37.81, -122.37 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /sausalito/ ) {
return ( 37.86, -122.49 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /manil+a/ ) {
return ( 14.58, 120.97 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /soung harbour/ ) {
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /singapore/ ) {
return ( 1.37, 103.8 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /straits of rhio and banca/ )
{ # Between Sumatra (Riau) and Bangka island?
return ( undef, undef );
}
if ( $Name =~ /straits of sunda/ ) {
return ( -6, 105.8 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /table bay|cape of good hope/ ) {
return ( -33.9, 18.4 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /st. helena|jamestown roads/ ) {
return ( -15.92, -5.71 );
}
if ( $Name =~ /new york/ ) {
return ( 40.66, -74.05 );
}
if ( $Name =~
/at sea|sailed|went to sea|proceeded|anchored|underway|under way|^\s*harbour|^\s*river/
)
{
return ( undef, undef );
}
die "Unknown port $Name";
#return ( undef, undef );
}
# Correct the date to UTC from local time
sub correct_hour_for_lon {
my @Days_in_month = ( 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 );
my $Ob = shift;
unless ( defined($Last_lon)
&& defined( $Ob->{HR} )
&& defined( $Ob->{DY} )
&& defined( $Ob->{MO} )
&& defined( $Ob->{YR} ) )
{
$Ob->{HR} = undef;
return;
}
if ( $Ob->{YR} % 4 == 0
&& ( $Ob->{YR} % 100 != 0 || $Ob->{YR} % 400 == 0 ) )
{
$Days_in_month[1] = 29;
}
$Ob->{HR} += $Last_lon * 12 / 180;
if ( $Ob->{HR} < 0 ) {
$Ob->{HR} += 24;
$Ob->{DY}--;
if ( $Ob->{DY} <= 0 ) {
$Ob->{MO}--;
if ( $Ob->{MO} < 1 ) {
$Ob->{YR}--;
$Ob->{MO} = 12;
}
$Ob->{DY} = $Days_in_month[ $Ob->{MO} - 1 ];
}
}
if ( $Ob->{HR} > 23.99 ) {
$Ob->{HR} -= 24;
if ( $Ob->{HR} < 0 ) { $Ob->{HR} = 0; }
$Ob->{DY}++;
if ( $Ob->{DY} > $Days_in_month[ $Ob->{MO} - 1 ] ) {
$Ob->{DY} = 1;
$Ob->{MO}++;
if ( $Ob->{MO} > 12 ) {
$Ob->{YR}++;
$Ob->{MO} = 1;
}
}
}
if ( $Ob->{HR} == 23.99 ) { $Ob->{HR} = 23.98; }
return 1;
}